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Cochineal extract or carmine (E120) is a natural red colorant derived from the dried bodies of the female cochineal insect.

It is widely used to impart a pink, red, or purple hue to various food and beverage products, including yogurts, ice creams, confectionery, and fruit juices.

Although it is a natural additive, E120 is known to cause severe allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, in some individuals. It is also not suitable for vegetarians or vegans due to its insect origin.

Anthocyanins (also anthocyans; from Greek: ἄνθος (anthos) "flower" and κυάνεος/κυανοῦς kyaneos/kyanous "dark blue") are water-soluble vacuolar pigments that, depending on their pH, may appear red, purple, or blue. Food plants rich in anthocyanins include the blueberry, raspberry, black rice, and black soybean, among many others that are red, blue, purple, or black. Some of the colors of autumn leaves are derived from anthocyanins.Anthocyanins belong to a parent class of molecules called flavonoids synthesized via the phenylpropanoid pathway. They occur in all tissues of higher plants, including leaves, stems, roots, flowers, and fruits. Anthocyanins are derived from anthocyanidins by adding sugars. They are odorless and moderately astringent. Although approved to color foods and beverages in the European Union, anthocyanins are not approved for use as a food additive because they have not been verified as safe when used as food or supplement ingredients. There is no conclusive evidence anthocyanins have any effect on human biology or diseases.

LACTIC ACID is an organic compound with the formula CH3CH(OH)CO2H. In the form of its conjugate base called lactate (this is thus different and kept as a separate ingredient). Lactic acid is chiral, consisting of two optical isomers. One is known as L-(+)-lactic acid or (S)-lactic acid and the other, its mirror image, is D-(−)-lactic acid or (R)-lactic acid in food the L-variant is used

MALIC ACID is an organic compound with the molecular formula C4H6O5. Malic acid has two stereoisomeric forms (L- and D-enantiomers), though only the L-isomer exists naturally.

Citric acid is a natural organic acid found in citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and limes.

It is widely used in the food industry as a flavor enhancer, acidulant, and preservative due to its tart and refreshing taste.

Citric acid is safe for consumption when used in moderation and is considered a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) food additive by regulatory agencies worldwide.

DISODIUM CITRATE, more properly, disodium hydrogen citrate, is an acid salt of citric acid with the chemical formula Na2C6H6O7. It is used as an antioxidant in food and to improve the effects of other antioxidants. It is also used as an acidity regulator and sequestrant. Typical products include gelatin, jam, sweets, ice cream, carbonated beverages, milk powder, wine, and processed cheeses.